Small alphabet book of good and bad news for the new yearmore difficult 2009Depreciation is similar among othersWhat generate the irritation of the KremlinThe price of healthFortune smiles on the boldEcartant the probability of a rate hike todayThe talent of Eric Fréchon is not at issueat the last regions of the continental FranceThis is the result of a certain aversion to riskThis will be the same preferably in bestIn other words the market may indigestionBy far, a small minaret at the foot of the mountain can be seen first, then wall mud of a dry, perched village to 3.800 meters of altitude. An old man wearing a traditional top hat "ak-kalpak" starts his dog after two stray camels. Cloud of dust. The bell sounds the end of the school. It is 12: 30 to Subash, just after the Xinjiang. Lunch time. Dinara is generous bowls of salted yak butter tea and tells his China... in Kyrgyz. On the stove, person speaks the slightest word of mandarin. Not even the children, who will begin to investigate this "second" language at the age of ten years, if they do not leave the school before.
Dinara has fifty-three years and once went to Kashgar, five-hour road and two dams military there. It has never gone in the next Valley, which stops at the borders with Pakistan and the Afghanistan. "The other side, are Tajiks," does. His son stayed her for raising of yaks. The Chinese She already seen in visiting 4 4 to the markets of the empire. "They think of us," she assured. Before the winter, each family of Subash receives support from 850 Yuan in cash. "And then, it has electricity, CCTV the Chinese State TV and even the cell phone."
Deposits of oil and gas
Beijing has not forgotten its Far West. Having decided, just thirty years ago this week, to open its coastal provinces to foreigners and to capitalism, China is attempting to develop its Grand Ouest, stayed away from the spectacular growth of the East of the country. Seeking to break its dependence on exports and foreign investment, which suffer from the recession in the West, the country wants to encourage domestic demand and multiply the poles of growth in the most remote and often the most hostile territories. A 3,500 kilometres of Beijing, Xinjiang is at the heart of this strategy. "Since the year 2000 and the launch of the development policy of the West, the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region has received more than 870 billion yuan of investment of the central Government and State enterprises.". "And it is accelerating," details Ning Wang, Director of the Institute of economy of the province, based in Urumqi.
Since the window of the aircraft flying over the Taklamakan desert, just before landing at Kurla, measure the "generosity" of Beijing. And des parfaites, des autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes perfect, highways autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes autoroutes a empty Earth swept by violent winds of by. Is that the basement of Xinjiang is less thankless. The province House 25 of the reserves of the country and more than 30 of the gas reserves identified throughout the territory. "Attention!" Here, we are far from Beijing. "Be wary of the tendency of local authorities to exaggerate their performance", relativizes a European expert.
This year, the province should have produced more than 24 billion cubic metres of natural gas, routed, in essence, to Shanghai by a pipeline of 4,000 kilometres. In February, the region has launched the work of a second pipeline, which will feed him, the industrial province of Guangdong. "In 2020, Xinjiang is the main oil and gas China centre", regularly provides Wang Lequan, the powerful Secretary General of the Communist Party of the region. "In two years, we should be able to display a level of GDP per capita comparable to the average national." "Then, we're getting ahead of other regions of the greater West", says Ning Wang, before detail the implacable statistics reflecting the decline in infant mortality and the enrichment of the poorest populations. "All of this, it is a chance of course, but also our curse", blows a Kashgar Uighur, who refuses to see cited identity. "Xinjiang has taken considerable geopolitical importance to central power, which continues to strengthen its control over the province." "They have always a little afraid that she escapes him", it blows.
Population settlement
Xinjiang whose name means "new frontier" in mandarin has always had a complex relationship with the Chinese central Government. First annexed in the 18th century, the region, populated mainly Turkish-speaking Sunni Muslims, has been officially integrated into the empire in 1884, until a short-lived East Turkestan Republic takes advantage of the chaos in the country to independence in 1944. Five years later, Mao, just winning in Beijing, and the people of Liberation Army troops return to the territory in the national fold.
Very poorly located on-site, the Communist Party has immediately launched a broad policy of assimilation of the area and launched a process of demographic colonization organised bodies of peasant-soldiers, structures named "bingtuan" in mandarin. In the early 1950s, hundreds of thousands of soldiers from Eastern or Central, were thus dispatched on-site to first secure the territories, but also to initiate their economic development. Sixty years later, these "bingtuan" manage the lives of 2.6 million people, almost all of Han. "It is a real state in the State," sums up Rémi Castets, a researcher at the Centre for the study of international relations (Ceri). These structures, which depend directly on the central Government, have their own police and their courts.
In the division number 22, a green oasis 50 kilometres northeast of Korla, "Commander" Suo Fu Tuan Zhang attempts to deflate the myth. "We have more guns, launches in a big laugh, but imported modern harvesters of Italy." Accompanied by a dozen people, he has held down the fields to show the foreign visitor the economic efficiency of its huge farm where several villages of farmers operate, for the "bingtuan", cherry tomatoes, peppers, and sugar beet fields. "We do live 22,000 people here.". The farmers produce. We take care of everything: the sale of vegetables to our processing plants, roads, irrigation problems... We have even a primary school, two free colleges and a medical centre. "Here, incomes are better than elsewhere", insists Li Ming Qiang, the pattern of the Communist Party of the division. Shyly, Ms. Jing confirms. The troupe of visitors is invited in it so that it reflects his happiness. It serves as a green tea, almond and white grape of the garden. "I have a washing machine and a Volkswagen Santana," smiled the farmer, claiming with annual incomes of 22,000 yuan. A fortune in the Chinese peasant world.
Outside the "bingtuan", the "happiness" annoys. It would benefit only to the Han and not to the Muslim people, who feel dispossessed. Between the two communities, the silence is glacial, permanent contempt. "Marry me a Chinese woman". My father would kill me, and then eat the pig! ", exclaimed a young Kashgar Uighur taxi driver, surprised at the incongruity of the question.
Attacks "pro-independence".
"The Chinese are very skilled and have been able to benefit from development." They control everything. "We, the Uighurs, did not knew us exceed our traditions to join the movement", moderates, in perfect English, a framework, just returned from abroad. It regrets the lack of emphasis on education in rural families and the reluctance of Muslims to let their daughters educated. "The situation is blocked and there are extremists who want it degenerates," says the young man, who refuses to dwell on the series of attacks with referred to Han last summer in several cities in the province. According to Beijing, 33 people were killed in these "separatist attacks." The forces of order have, since then tightened their control over the province and installed multiple dams sensitive considered roadside. On the spectacular Karakoram Highway, the highest paved road in the world, he now regularly present pass bills, negotiated to Kashgar, to come to Pakistan. For heavy Chinese loaded steel or cement, the formalities are faster. A few private cars which must stop longer at the check-point of the Karakul Lake at least make the happiness of the inhabitants of Subash, located a few kilometres away. "It allows you to trade," smiles Dinara. It's a start. "It takes a little salty tea.